Integrated Wiring for Smart Park

The integrated wiring system is an important infrastructure for intelligent buildings and building groups. It is generally composed of six parts, namely, the work area, the horizontal area subsystem, the management room, the vertical trunk line subsystem, the equipment room, and the building group subsystem. The integrated wiring system is not only very important for design, but also for construction and later management. This article will introduce some experience and lessons of the whole process (design, construction and management) of the integrated wiring system in a certain park, and share with you.

　　1 Integrated wiring system design

　　The design of the integrated wiring system plays a key role in the whole process of integrated wiring. The quality of the design depends on three factors, the time of design intervention, the understanding of user needs and the selection and positioning of products.

　　1.1 Design intervention time

　　 When the general integrated wiring system is involved, the design institute or the user has specified the physical location of the equipment room (wiring room), weak current shaft and management room (weak current room), that is, the construction drawing design of the building has been completed. In many cases, the unreasonable design of these physical locations directly affects the cost of the integrated wiring system, so the design intervention time is very important. The park introduced the design unit of the weak current system of the entire park during the preliminary architectural design, planned and designed the integrated wiring system, and helped users to propose the equipment room (wiring room) and management room (weak current room) for the design institute. Location and area requirements, and the park actively coordinated to implement the requirements on the construction drawings of the building. The design unit also communicated and designed the routing of the outdoor integrated wiring system in the new district with the outdoor pipe network design unit of the park, laying a solid foundation for the next step of work.

　　1.2 Understanding of user needs

　　User needs are the basis for the design of integrated wiring system. If you cannot fully understand the needs of customers, the design of the wiring system will become a source of water. In the early stage of construction, users of the park put forward the following requirements for integrated wiring functions:

　　◆ The integrated wiring system in the park can meet the needs of business computer networks, Internet networks, and telephone networks;

◆ The wiring of the business computer network is completely separated from the wiring of the Internet network and the telephone system. The separation includes the separation of the equipment room (wiring room), and the management room (light current room) as far as possible (if not separated, the business network wiring cabinet is separated from other cabinets) Greater than 1m), the spacing between the bridge (vertical and horizontal), pipes, and panels is greater than 20cm;

　　◆ The wiring of the business computer network requires anti-interference;

　　◆ The backbone configuration redundancy backup to meet the needs of future expansion;

　　◆ The business network currently meets the network transmission requirements of gigabit backbone and 100M switch to desktop, and can be upgraded to 10G backbone and gigabit switch to desktop network transmission level in the future;

　　◆ The telephone network currently uses the traditional program-controlled exchange system to realize analog telephones and digital telephones, which can be upgraded to IP telephone systems in the future;

　　◆ The Internet network adopts the centralized optical fiber access in the park and the network transmission standard of 100M switch to the desktop.

According to the above functional requirements, the design unit analyzed the three networks one by one. For the campus business computer network, the current integrated wiring market shielding category 6, category 7, and fiber-to-desktop solutions can meet the requirements, considering the comprehensive factors such as cost performance. It is recommended that the horizontal area subsystem adopts shielded category 6 twisted pair, the vertical trunk subsystem adopts 2 6-core 50/125μm (OM3) indoor multimode optical fibers, and the building group subsystem adopts 2 6-core or 12-core 9/125μm outdoor single Mode fiber wiring scheme.

Of course, based on the above user requirements alone, the design unit cannot complete a complete integrated wiring plan, and further communication with the user is required. The communication content includes: user business network system architecture, program-controlled switch system architecture, Internet network system architecture and accuracy The user point table can help the design unit accurately locate the reasonable position of the main distribution frame and distribution frame in the park, and rationally design the number of management rooms (weak current rooms) and each management room (weak current rooms) according to the number and distance of cables. Between) the capacity. The design unit also needs to communicate with the architectural design unit. The content of the communication includes: the classification of the entire weak current system tray, the routing of horizontal cables, vertical backbones and the backbone of the building group, and the laying methods of pipelines (open laying, dark laying, etc.), These can help the design unit draw the embedded pipeline diagram and lay the foundation for the smooth progress of the construction.

　　1.3 Product selection and positioning

Based on the above user requirements and the communication with the design institute, the design unit believes that the park will use a relatively complete product series, including panels, modules, Category 5 cables, shielded Category 6 cables, patch panels, optical cables, and large pairs For counting cables, jumpers, lightning protection units, etc., it is recommended to use the same brand of wiring products. The reason for using the same brand of wiring products is that although the performance and quality of the wiring products produced by different manufacturers are somewhat different, for example, the quality of the network cables produced by some manufacturers is better, and the network modules produced by some manufacturers are better, but they are not Those "best" product portfolios

The best results can be achieved by wiring up, because the impedance of the internal materials of the products of different manufacturers is different, and subtle differences in impedance may have a great impact on the signal attenuation of the high-speed network, thereby affecting the entire network system. Communication quality. Therefore, it is best to use network products produced by the same manufacturer for wiring.

　　 How to choose a better product? The author thinks that it is not meaningful to look at the product manual provided by the manufacturer. The product performance mentioned in the product manual provided by the manufacturer is laboratory data, and the field reference value is not great. After the preliminary design of the integrated wiring is completed, the users of the park have bid for the products, and set up a simulation environment to test the products of different manufacturers while comparing prices. The simulation test environment requires each manufacturer to pass a 90m Category 5e cable and a shielded Category 6 cable through a Φ20 pipeline with 4 right-angle bends in the same time, and then the manufacturer’s wiring engineer will terminate the module, Patch panels and panels are finally tested by users using FLUKE DTX1200 equipment. The results can be investigated in two aspects: first, the strength of the manufacturer and the degree of emphasis on the project, and second, the actual product performance. During the testing process, some manufacturers exposed problems. The quality of the engineer's termination was relatively low, which led to the failure of the test. Users doubted how these manufacturers instructed the construction team to arrange the wiring in the project; and some manufacturers terminated everything normally, but the test failed. If it fails, the user suspects that the quality of the product is defective. The end user chose the American 3M wiring products because its wiring engineers completed the termination in a relatively short time, the test data was quite good, and the product price was advantageous.

The integrated wiring design unit made a detailed design of the park after intervening in advance, in-depth communication with users on demand, and participating in the user’s product selection. The design of the business network is as follows: the central distribution frame of the park is located in zone A and is connected to zone C. Two 24-core single-mode optical fiber cables are used to connect the divisional main distribution frames of the division and E divisions, and the single-channel 12-core single-mode optical fiber cables are used to connect the divisional main distribution frames to the building main distribution frames of each district. The distribution frames inside the building are connected by 8-core multi-mode optical cables. System topology diagram, as shown in Figure 1.

The design of the voice and Internet network is: the central distribution frame of the campus is located in the A zone, and two 12-core single-mode optical cables are used to connect the central distribution frame to the zone C and E zones. The main distribution frames of the buildings in each district are connected by outdoor large-pair cables, and the internal distribution frames of each building are connected by indoor large-pair cables. Considering the large area of the park, outdoor large-pair cables are used. The quantity is relatively large, and it is easy to be impacted by induced lightning in the thunderstorm season. A distribution frame with 3M lightning protection terminals is designed at both ends of the outdoor large-pair cable between the partition main distribution frame and the building main distribution frame in the area. , In order to protect the modules in the integrated wiring system and the program-controlled switch system equipment, which is very distinctive and the cost is not high. System topology diagram, as shown in Figure 2.

　　2 Construction of integrated wiring system

　　 A successful integrated wiring system not only requires forward-looking design, but the quality of construction is also an important factor. The factors that determine the construction of the integrated wiring system mainly include four aspects: the design of the cabinet and the label, the technical support of the product manufacturer, the quality of the cable laying and the termination of the system (the quality of the construction team), and the cooperation with the installation company and other units.

　　2.1 Cabinet and label design

The construction drawing of the integrated wiring system generally consists of a system drawing and a floor plan. The first thing the wiring construction team should do after entering the site should be to develop a detailed design of the cabinet layout and labels with the system designer and the owner. According to this design, The construction team can organize the sequence of construction to ensure that the cables are not crossed in the horizontal and vertical bridges and ensure the beauty of the system.

　　2.2 Technical support of product manufacturers

　　 Among the units participating in the entire integrated wiring system project, product manufacturers know the product characteristics best. They know how to implement the product to maximize the performance of the product, so the participation of the entire project manufacturer directly affects the implementation effect. During the construction of the integrated wiring system in the park, 3M China dispatched special technical engineers to the site to provide guidance. In the early stage, the construction personnel were provided with multiple guidance, hand-held training modules were terminated, and the workers were instructed to thread and conduct spot checks and tests in a timely manner. The problem was found and the rectification was guided, so that the one-time pass rate of the shielded category 6 wire of the entire project reached more than 95%, and the test data was quite good.

　　2.3 Cable laying and system termination quality (quality of construction team)

　　The integrated wiring system is a technical job, not a physical job. The quality of the construction team directly affects the cost and quality of the wiring. After entering the site, the construction team first needs to calculate the cable laying, make full use of the amount of wire in each box, reduce the number of remaining wires that cannot be used, and thus reduce costs. The construction team must fully understand the meaning of the test parameters and the impact of many links in the construction on the test parameters in order to ensure the quality of cable laying and module termination.

　　2.4 Cooperation with installation companies and other units

　　 The quality of integrated wiring construction is also closely related to the degree of cooperation of some cooperating units such as installation companies. The bridge and pipeline projects of many projects are completed by installation companies. The quality of pipe layout and the installation of the crossing box cover are all related to the quality of wiring. To give two examples, first, the 25th pipe originally had to lay two cables, but the quality of the installation company was not good when the pipe was bent at 90°. The two cables were laid very tightly, which affected the test data; second, the installation company was in If the cover of the crossing box is not carefully sealed, the screws will cut the cables and affect the use of the cables. Therefore, during the construction of the integrated wiring, the cooperation with the installation company and other units is very important.

　　3 Management of integrated wiring

With the development of network technology, network administrators can use some software tools to monitor and manage network equipment, servers, etc., but they will also encounter the following problems: ①The network fails and cannot quickly find out the physical location of the fault. Location and the situation of the entire link; ②The network system ports often change but the document management cannot keep up; ③After the network management personnel are changed, it is difficult for the takeover personnel to work. Therefore, the high-quality integrated wiring system project must be matched with the high-quality management system, so that network management can become very easy.

The information center of the park cooperated with the implementation unit of the integrated wiring system to develop a set of network maintenance and management software based on the SQL SERVER platform. All information involved in the integrated wiring includes system diagrams, cabinet diagrams, numbering principles, numbering positions, electronic drawings, and test reports. When all the information related to network management is communicated with the department of the relevant personnel, when the network administrator encounters a fault, he does not need to turn over the drawing, he only needs to enter any relevant information, and the relevant drawings and information points can be immediately clear. This network management software greatly improves the work efficiency of network management personnel, and completely solves the worries of network management personnel.

The above are some experiences in the implementation process of an integrated wiring system in a park from three aspects, which are for reference only.